Docker ile Full-Stack Development Workflow

# Docker ile Full-Stack Development Workflow

Docker, modern development workflow'unda vazgeçilmez bir araç haline geldi. Bu yazıda, Docker ile full-stack projelerinizi nasıl daha verimli geliştirebileceğinizi öğreneceksiniz.

## Docker'ın Avantajları

### 1. Tutarlı Geliştirme Ortamı
- "Bende çalışıyor" problemini çözer
- Tüm geliştiriciler aynı ortamda çalışır
- Production ile development ortamı aynı

### 2. Hızlı Kurulum
- Yeni projeler dakikalar içinde hazır
- Bağımlılık yönetimi kolay
- Farklı versiyonlar arası geçiş

### 3. Ölçeklenebilirlik
- Mikroservis mimarisi
- Load balancing
- Auto-scaling

## Full-Stack Docker Setup

### 1. Docker Compose Yapılandırması

yaml
version: '3.8'

services:
  # Frontend (React/Next.js)
  frontend:
    build:
      context: ./frontend
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    volumes:
      - ./frontend:/app
      - /app/node_modules
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=development
    depends_on:
      - backend

  # Backend (Node.js/Express)
  backend:
    build:
      context: ./backend
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - "5000:5000"
    volumes:
      - ./backend:/app
      - /app/node_modules
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=development
      - DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:password@db:5432/mydb
    depends_on:
      - db

  # Database (PostgreSQL)
  db:
    image: postgres:15
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_DB=mydb
      - POSTGRES_USER=user
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data

  # Redis (Caching)
  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"

volumes:
  postgres_data:

### 2. Frontend Dockerfile

dockerfile
# Frontend Dockerfile
FROM node:18-alpine

WORKDIR /app

# Copy package files
COPY package*.json ./

# Install dependencies
RUN npm ci

# Copy source code
COPY . .

# Expose port
EXPOSE 3000

# Start development server
CMD ["npm", "run", "dev"]

### 3. Backend Dockerfile

dockerfile
# Backend Dockerfile
FROM node:18-alpine

WORKDIR /app

# Copy package files
COPY package*.json ./

# Install dependencies
RUN npm ci

# Copy source code
COPY . .

# Expose port
EXPOSE 5000

# Start development server
CMD ["npm", "run", "dev"]

## Gelişmiş Docker Teknikleri

### 1. Multi-Stage Builds

dockerfile
# Multi-stage build for production
FROM node:18-alpine AS builder

WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci

COPY . .
RUN npm run build

# Production stage
FROM node:18-alpine AS production

WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production

COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist

EXPOSE 5000
CMD ["npm", "start"]

### 2. Docker Networks

yaml
# Custom network configuration
networks:
  app-network:
    driver: bridge

services:
  frontend:
    networks:
      - app-network
  
  backend:
    networks:
      - app-network
  
  db:
    networks:
      - app-network

### 3. Environment Variables

yaml
# Environment configuration
services:
  backend:
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:password@db:5432/mydb
      - REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379
    env_file:
      - .env.production

## Development Workflow

### 1. Hot Reload Setup

yaml
# Development with hot reload
services:
  frontend:
    volumes:
      - ./frontend:/app
      - /app/node_modules
    environment:
      - CHOKIDAR_USEPOLLING=true

### 2. Database Migrations

bash
# Run migrations
docker-compose exec backend npm run migrate

# Seed database
docker-compose exec backend npm run seed

### 3. Testing

bash
# Run tests
docker-compose exec backend npm test
docker-compose exec frontend npm test

# Integration tests
docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --abort-on-container-exit

## Production Deployment

### 1. Production Docker Compose

yaml
version: '3.8'

services:
  frontend:
    build:
      context: ./frontend
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.prod
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production

  backend:
    build:
      context: ./backend
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.prod
    ports:
      - "5000:5000"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:password@db:5432/mydb

  db:
    image: postgres:15
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_DB=mydb
      - POSTGRES_USER=user
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password

volumes:
  postgres_data:

### 2. Docker Swarm

bash
# Initialize swarm
docker swarm init

# Deploy stack
docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml myapp

# Scale services
docker service scale myapp_backend=3

## Best Practices

### 1. Security
- Non-root user kullanın
- Secrets yönetimi
- Image scanning
- Network isolation

### 2. Performance
- Layer caching
- Multi-stage builds
- Resource limits
- Health checks

### 3. Monitoring
- Log aggregation
- Metrics collection
- Health monitoring
- Alerting

## Sonuç

Docker ile full-stack development workflow'u modern yazılım geliştirmenin vazgeçilmez parçası. Bu teknikleri kullanarak daha verimli, tutarlı ve ölçeklenebilir projeler geliştirebilirsiniz.